CV
Leo Zotos

Leo Zotos

PhD Student, University of Groningen

About me

I am a third-year PhD Student at the University of Groningen, working with Hedderik van Rijn and Malvina Nissim. With a background in Artificial Intelligence, I am fascinated by the impact AI can have on education and society more broadly. As a member of the GroNLP research group, I am especially interested in application-oriented research that uses Natural Language Processing methods to improve various aspects of education.


My passion for education has been a consistent thread throughout my academic journey. I have been active in co-teaching and organising multiple BSc and MSc courses, ranging from Introduction to the Brain and Learning from Data, to Advanced Topics in NLP. For these efforts, I was awarded the Artificial Intelligence Best Teaching Assistant award in both 2020 and 2023.


During the 2020–2021 academic year, I served as the Chairman and Secretary of SV Cover, the Groningen Artificial Intelligence and Computing Science Study Association — an experience I wholeheartedly recommend to anyone. In my free time, I enjoy building and riding bikes, learning about the world of cocktail-making, and cooking (mostly) savoury dishes.

Selected Publications

COLING 2025

Can Model Uncertainty Function as a Proxy for Multiple-Choice Question Item Difficulty?

EDM 2025

Are You Doubtful? Oh, It Might Be Difficult Then! Exploring the Use of Model Uncertainty for Question Difficulty Estimation

AISEER @ ECAI 2025

NLP Methods May Actually Be Better Than Professors at Estimating Question Difficulty

ArXiv

The Role of the Availability Heuristic in Multiple-Choice Answering Behaviour

ArXiv

EAGER: Entropy-Aware GEneRation for Adaptive Inference-Time Scaling